An Appraisal of Universal Design Compliance in Residential Care Centres for the Elderly: A Comparative Study

The growing elderly population has intensified the need for residential care environments that promote independence, safety, and well-being through universal design. This study appraises the level of universal design compliance in residential care centres for the elderly using a comparative case study approach. Drawing from relevant literature on universal design and age-friendly environments, the study identifies key appraisal parameters, namely approachability and entry experience, accessibility and mobility support, usability and daily living support, and sensory comfort and psychosocial well-being. Five case studies were examined, comprising three purpose-built international facilities in China, Belgium, and Spain, and two adapted facilities in Nigeria. Data were obtained through field observation, photographic documentation, and comparative appraisal. Findings reveal that the purpose-built facilities demonstrated high compliance across all parameters, reflecting the effectiveness of early design integration and strong regulatory frameworks. In contrast, the Nigerian facilities exhibited partial and uneven compliance, with significant deficiencies in accessibility and ergonomic detailing, despite incorporating culturally responsive elements that supported psychosocial well-being. The study concludes that the effectiveness of elderly care facilities is strongly influenced by intentional design planning and policy enforcement. It recommends the adoption of mandatory universal design guidelines, structured retrofitting of existing facilities, and the integration of culturally meaningful features within accessible spatial configurations to enhance inclusive and dignified aging environments. Keywords: Universal design, elderly care facilities, accessibility, inclusive built environments, sustainable environments.