We Cannot Work Together Except We Agree’: Inter-Agency Collaboration Between NSCDC and Private Security Organisations in Lagos and Oyo States

Abstract

This study investigates the benefits of interagency cooperation between the Nigerian Security 
and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC) and Private Security Organisations (PSOs) in addressing 
Nigeria’s complicated security challenges. The research aims to evaluate the benefits of such 
cooperation, explore institutional arrangements necessary for collaboration, and identify 
challenges hindering these partnerships. This study bridges a significant research gap by 
applying the Collaborative Theory and Rational Choice Theory to the Nigerian security 
landscape, offering a novel perspective on enhancing interagency collaboration. The study 
employed an exploratory research design, focusing on in-depth interviews with 45 purposively 
selected participants, including NSCDC personnel and representatives from six private security 
organisations in Lagos and Ibadan. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and 
analyzed through content analysis, enabling a comprehensive exploration of participants' 
experiences and perspectives. Key findings reveal that interagency cooperation enhances 
intelligence sharing, resource pooling, and specialization, which are critical for effective crime 
prevention. However, systemic barriers such as resource constraints, regulatory gaps, trust 
deficits, and cultural differences significantly impede collaboration. The study concludes that 
fostering effective partnerships requires well-structured institutional arrangements, including 
role clarity, joint training programs, and standardized frameworks. To address these challenges, 
the study recommends prioritizing trust-building initiatives, enhancing resource-sharing 
mechanisms, and developing inclusive policies that involve private security organisations in 
decision-making processes. By aligning incentives and creating a foundation of trust and 
mutual respect, both entities can contribute meaningfully to Nigeria’s security architecture. 
This research contributes to the body of knowledge by providing actionable insights into 
interagency collaboration in developing countries. It underscores the importance of leveraging 
complementary strengths and aligning organisational incentives to create a cohesive and 
resilient security framework.