Effects of Microplastics on Public Health: A Review

Over the years, it has become evident that microplastics are one of the most importantcontaminants of concern requiring significant attention. The large abundance of microplastics thatare currently in the environment poses potential toxicity risks to all organisms that are exposed tothem. Microplastics have been found to affect the physiological and biological processes in marineand terrestrial organisms. As well as being a contaminant of concern in itself, microplastics alsohave the ability to act as vectors for other contaminants. Microplastics, measuring less than 5 mmin diameter, are now found in various environmental media, including soil, water, and air, and haveinfiltrated the food chain, ultimately becoming a part of the human diet. This study offers acomprehensive examination of the intricate nexus between microplastics and human health,thereby contributing to the existing knowledge on the subject. Sources of microplastics, includingmicrofibers from textiles, personal care products, and wastewater treatment plants, among others,were assessed. The study meticulously examined the diverse routes of microplastic exposureingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact offering insights into the associated health risks.Inhalation of airborne microplastics emerges as a critical concern, with possible implications forrespiratory and cardiovascular health. Dermal contact, although less explored, raises the prospectof skin irritation and allergic reactions. It can be mitigated by some measures, these measuresinclude Policy interventions, Technological advancements, and Public awareness campaigns etc.