Information on the use of Eepo –Ira; Bridelia Ferruginea by Yoruba people and its side effects during marathon fasting

Abstract

Bridelia-ferruginea is a species of flowering plant in the family of Phyllanthaceae. It is native to
tropical Africa and is commonly found in savannas, woodlands, and grasslands. It is called
eepo-ira in Yoruba land, kwakwakwai in Hausa land and okpoukpaka in Ibo land. This research
focuses on Yoruba people because they use eepo-ira for medication and they engage in religious
activities and marathon fasting.Adaobi etal 2011 found that constituents of the stem bark of
Bridelia-ferruginea possess antiulcer properties. Adewole etal 2021 discovered that
antidiarrheal activity possibly occurs via the activation of ATPases activities and inhibition of
M3 and EP3. While Bridelia-ferruginea is considered safe for use in traditional medicine, there
are potential side effects and interactions to consider, especially when combined with marathon
fasting. Some possible side effects and considerations include: Gastrointestinal upset as
Bridelia-ferruginea may cause stomach upset, nausea, and diarrhea in some individuals, allergic
reactions as some people may be allergic to Bridelia-ferruginea, which can cause symptoms like
hives, itching, and difficulty in breathing, interactions with medications as Bridelia-ferruginea
may interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners, diabetes medications, and blood
pressure medications. It was found from the people interviewed that marathon fasting can lead
to dehydration, while Bridelia-ferruginea may exacerbate this effect due to its potential diuretic
properties. Fasting can also disrupt electrolyte balances, and Bridelia-ferruginea may further
alter electrolyte levels, potentially leading to muscle cramps, weakness, and other symptoms.
Bridelia-ferruginea may lower blood sugar levels, which can be problematic when combined
with marathon fasting, potentially leading to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Fasting can lead
to nutrient deficiencies, and Bridelia-ferruginea may further deplete certain nutrients, such as
potassium, magnesium, and vitamin B12.