Effects of Microplastics on Public Health: A Review

Abstract

Over the years, it has become evident that microplastics are one of the most important
contaminants of concern requiring significant attention. The large abundance of microplastics that
are currently in the environment poses potential toxicity risks to all organisms that are exposed to
them. Microplastics have been found to affect the physiological and biological processes in marine
and terrestrial organisms. As well as being a contaminant of concern in itself, microplastics also
have the ability to act as vectors for other contaminants. Microplastics, measuring less than 5 mm
in diameter, are now found in various environmental media, including soil, water, and air, and have
infiltrated the food chain, ultimately becoming a part of the human diet. This study offers a
comprehensive examination of the intricate nexus between microplastics and human health,
thereby contributing to the existing knowledge on the subject. Sources of microplastics, including
microfibers from textiles, personal care products, and wastewater treatment plants, among others,
were assessed. The study meticulously examined the diverse routes of microplastic exposure
ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact offering insights into the associated health risks.
Inhalation of airborne microplastics emerges as a critical concern, with possible implications for
respiratory and cardiovascular health. Dermal contact, although less explored, raises the prospect
of skin irritation and allergic reactions. It can be mitigated by some measures, these measures
include Policy interventions, Technological advancements, and Public awareness campaigns etc.