From Vulnerability to Vitality: Active Ageing as an Intervention Strategy for Improving Quality of Life in Economically Disadvantaged Older Adults in Nigeria

Abstract

Systemic poverty, weak social protection systems, health disparities, and social exclusion
are continuously threatening the quality of life of older adults in low-income countries such as
Nigeria. Despite growing recognition of population ageing globally, proactive interventions
addressing the vulnerabilities of economically disadvantaged older adults in Nigeria remain
limited. Elderly populations are largely exposed to social isolation, elder abuse, and limited access
to care, especially in rural communities and urban slums.
This discourse advances the argument that the World Health Organisation’s active ageing
framework provides a viable, multidimensional strategy for improving the physical, social, and
mental well-being of economically disadvantaged older adults. Drawing on activity theory,
continuity theory, and empowerment theory, the paper synthesises existing empirical evidence and
policy frameworks to examine how active ageing can enhance health, participation, and security
in later life.
The paper adopts a conceptual, policy-oriented approach to advocate a shift from reactive
welfare responses toward proactive and empowerment-driven interventions. The paper concludes
by emphasising the need for the systematic integration of active ageing principles into Nigeria’s
social welfare and public health systems to promote dignity, autonomy, and improved quality of
life for older adults.